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Frequently asked questions

Questions and answers on the product and material, ordering, composite cutting, delivery and custom parts.

Product and material

What is 3D Weaving?

3D weaving is a technology that produces preforms of three-axis fibers, in a defined geometry and internal pattern, on a dedicated loom.

What is a 3D Composite?

A 3D woven composite is a 3D preform converted into a final product by resin transfer. Its properties are determined by the fibre, weave pattern and resin system.

Why is a 3D woven composite more durable?

The fibres are locked together in three axes, so the layers do not separate (no delamination), and even if a crack forms it cannot run between the layers. Through-thickness fibre raises compression after impact (CAI) and fatigue resistance; high vibration damping lowers the risk of resonance. Test results show 3D woven RTM specimens reaching 813–993 MPa tensile strength and 94–107 GPa flexural modulus; in the same tests, unidirectional (UD) prepreg reached 718–819 MPa and 82–91 GPa, and plain-weave prepreg 420–454 MPa and 39–41 GPa.

What does OWC stand for?

OWC stands for One Way Cut: parts are cut from a plate whose fibre is concentrated in one direction, aligned with that direction. The plate in the shop and the products cut from it are made with OWC.

How does an OWC plate differ from a 2D carbon plate?

In a 2D carbon plate only the resin holds the layers together. In the OWC plate, through-thickness Z yarns tie the layers: they do not separate on impact or around holes, and wear under repeated loads is lower.

Which edge of the plate is the strong direction?

The 500 mm edge. Most of the fibre runs along this axis; the cuttable area is 490 × 240 mm.

What is the plate's glass transition temperature (Tg)?

Tg is the glass transition temperature of the resin. The plate is made by vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM) and its Tg is 140 °C.

What are the usage areas of 3D composites?

Drone and UAV airframes, civil aviation, automotive, wind energy, marine, and industrial machinery and robotics.

What does 3Dwovens do?

The 3D weaving looms are designed and manufactured in-house, and preforms and composite parts are produced on them.

Ordering and payment

How are prices set?

Prices of plates, sample kits and drone parts are shown on each product page. A CNC cutting price appears in the calculator as soon as you upload your drawing. There is no automatic quantity discount; orders of 25 or more plates and other large-quantity requests are priced through the quote form on the contact page.

Is there a minimum order?

Catalogue products have no minimum order; a single plate or a single sample kit can be ordered. CNC cutting has no minimum order value either; the price is made up of the plates the order uses plus cutting and setup.

How do I pay?

Each order is checked and approved after you send it. The proforma invoice and a secure PayTR payment link are then emailed to you; payment is made by card through this link. For payment without a card, the proforma also lists our bank account details.

How is the invoice issued?

Every order is invoiced electronically: an e-Invoice if you are registered for e-Invoice in Türkiye, otherwise an e-Archive invoice. For company orders, enter the company name and tax details in the order form. Deliveries outside Türkiye are invoiced without VAT.

Composite cutting

Which file format is accepted for cutting?

For an instant price, upload a 2D DXF file of up to 5 MB. The outline must be a closed polyline and the part must fit within 490 × 240 mm; units are read from the file and millimetres are assumed when none are set. DWG, STEP, STP and PDF drawings of up to 10 MB are uploaded in the same area; they are priced by quote and the part price is sent by email.

How is the price calculated?

The calculator prices the order instantly: the number of plates the order uses times the plate price, plus the cutting charge (from the contour cutting length and the number of holes and countersinks) and the setup charge. With express production, an express surcharge is added to cutting and setup. The calculator shows how many plates the order uses. There is no minimum order value. The plate offcuts left from cutting are shipped with the order unless you opt out in the order form.

Is the calculated price final?

The calculator gives an estimate. The file is checked before production, and any price change is confirmed before the payment link is sent.

What is the strong direction?

It is the direction in which the plate is strongest, running along its 490 mm edge. Align the load-bearing axis of the part with it; the direction chosen in the calculator is sent with the order.

Can a part be cut across the strong direction?

Yes. In the Composite cutting calculator you choose which axis of the part is aligned with the strong direction. Aligning the load-carrying axis with the strong direction is recommended; parts longer than 240 mm can only be placed along the strong direction.

Can the plate be drilled, CNC machined or waterjet cut?

Yes. Mounting holes can be drilled directly or finished on a CNC; there is no risk of delamination when machining on a CNC or cutting with a high-pressure waterjet.

Delivery and returns

How long does delivery take?

The estimated dispatch time is shown on each product page and starts once payment is confirmed. The tracking number is sent to you by email.

What are the shipping cost and delivery time?

Shipping within Türkiye is free. The dispatch time is shown on the lead-time line of each product page. For delivery outside Türkiye, the shipping cost and carrier are e-mailed to you after your order is approved, at the rate of our contracted freight agency; the payment link is sent after you accept this amount by replying to the e-mail.

Do you ship abroad?

Yes. Orders from outside Türkiye are priced in USD or EUR, converted from the TL price at the TCMB forex selling rate, with no VAT. The shipping cost and carrier are e-mailed to you after your order is approved, at the rate of our contracted freight agency; the payment link is sent after you accept this amount by replying to the e-mail. Shipping within Türkiye is free.

Can I return the product?

Standard products can be returned within 14 days of delivery, unused and in undamaged packaging. Details are in the Distance Sales Agreement.

Custom parts

Which geometries and fibres can be produced?

Cylindrical, conical, variable-thickness and curved preforms are woven in a single pass. Carbon, glass, aramid and their hybrids are used; the weave pattern and resin are designed for the application.

How do production and supply work?

The 3D weaving loom, preform and composite production are all carried out in Türkiye under one roof; preforms are turned into composites by vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM). Fully automated weaving gives repeatable quality and a cost advantage at high volumes; the step from prototype to series production is short.

Will you sign an NDA?

Yes. For custom production requests a mutual non-disclosure agreement can be signed before drawings are shared; tick the NDA option in the request form.